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KMID : 1146620220110010001
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Journal of Korean Academy of Advanced General Dentistry
2022 Volume.11 No. 1 p.1 ~ p.9
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Combined Effect of Estrogen Deficiency and Posteriorly Displaced Mandibular Condyle on the Development of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis
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Yoon Hyun-Joong
Park Su-Hyun
Heo Hyun-A
Kim Wook-Kyoung
Pyo Sung-Woon
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Abstract
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Osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is known to be caused by multiple etiological factors like hormonal imbalance and excessive mechanical stress. However, it is still unknown whether these factors have a mutual effect on the degenerative process of the condyle. The aim of this study was to examine the combined effects of estrogen and posteriorly displaced occlusion on the condyle using a rat model. Total of twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats at 8 weeks old were divided into four groups; sham-operated (control) or ovariectomized (OVX) and posteriorly displaced dental occlusion (PDO) and ovariectomized and posteriorly displaced dental occlusion (OVX+PDO). Eight weeks after ovariectomy, in the experimental group, a guiding plane appliance was attached to the maxillary incisors to induce posterior displacement of the condyles in the occluded condition. Animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks, and the condyles were removed to observe the histologic findings and to measure the articular cartilage thickness and observed bone structure by micro-computed tomography. Histologic results showed that obvious degradation was found in the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone of rats with PDO procedure. Also, histomorphometric analysis showed the lowest cartilage thickness in the OVX+PDO group compared to control and OVX groups (P=0.027, P=0.039, respectively). Also, subchondral bone in the OVX+PDO group was severely destructed compared to the control and OVX groups.
These results suggest that the combined effect of estrogen deficiency by OVX and excessive mechanical stress by functionally displaced occlusion on the condyle can exaggerate the TMJ OA. It is required that further investigation about the pathway of estrogen deficiency and excessive mechanical stress through molecular biologic study.
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KEYWORD
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Estrogen, Occlusion, Osteoarthritis, Temporomandibular joint
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